Packaging is a crucial aspect of product distribution and protection, consisting of primary and secondary packaging. Primary packaging is the first layer of packaging that directly encloses and protects the product. It is designed to contain, preserve, and protect the product from damage, contamination, and spoilage. Examples include bottles, cans, blister packs, and wrappers. Primary packaging is often designed with consumer convenience in mind, providing ease of use, storage, and sometimes resealability. Secondary packaging is the layer of packaging that groups primary packages together for easier handling, transportation, and storage. It often serves a logistical purpose, providing additional protection during transit and facilitating bulk sales. Examples include cardboard boxes, cartons, and shrink wraps. Secondary packaging can also play a role in branding and marketing, offering space for labels and promotional information. Cappers are machines used in the packaging process to apply caps or lids to containers, ensuring a secure seal. They are essential in industries like food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, where maintaining product integrity is critical. Cappers can be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automatic, depending on production needs, and are designed to handle various cap types and sizes efficiently.