Pellet mills, also known as spheronizers, are machines used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries to transform powdered or granular materials into spherical pellets. These pellets are typically used for various purposes such as drug delivery systems, fertilizer production, animal feed, and fuel pellets. The process of pelletizing involves feeding the raw material into the pellet mill, where it is compressed and forced through a die with small holes. The pressure and friction generated during this process cause the material to form into small, round pellets. The size and shape of the pellets can be controlled by adjusting the die size and the speed of the machine. Pellet mills are designed to handle a wide range of materials, including powders, granules, and even pastes. They can process materials with different properties, such as sticky or abrasive substances, by using specific die designs and incorporating additional equipment like binders or lubricants. The advantages of using pellet mills include improved flowability and handling of the material, increased bulk density, enhanced product uniformity, and reduced dust generation. The spherical shape of the pellets also provides better mixing and blending characteristics, making them ideal for applications where homogeneity is crucial. However, it is important to note that pellet mills have certain limitations. The process can be energy-intensive, requiring significant power consumption. The choice of raw materials is also critical, as some materials may not be suitable for pelletizing due to their properties or chemical reactions during the process. Additionally, the maintenance and cleaning of pellet mills can be time-consuming and require specialized knowledge. In summary, pellet mills or spheronizers are machines used to transform powdered or granular materials into spherical pellets. They offer various benefits such as improved flowability, increased density, and better product uniformity. However, they also have limitations related to energy consumption, material compatibility, and maintenance requirements.