Extruders are machines used to process and shape materials by forcing them through a die. In the context of polymer processing, twin-screw extruders are particularly significant. These machines have two intermeshing screws housed within a barrel, which rotate to mix, convey, and shape materials. Twin-screw extruders can be classified into two types based on the direction of screw rotation: co-rotating and counter-rotating. In twin co-rotating extruders, both screws rotate in the same direction. This configuration is known for its efficient mixing capabilities, making it ideal for compounding, blending, and reactive extrusion processes. The co-rotating design allows for better material distribution and heat transfer, which is crucial for processing heat-sensitive materials. The advantages of twin co-rotating extruders include high throughput, excellent mixing and dispersing capabilities, and flexibility in processing a wide range of materials. However, they can be more complex and expensive compared to single-screw extruders. Additionally, the design requires precise alignment and maintenance to ensure optimal performance. Despite these challenges, twin co-rotating extruders are widely used in industries such as plastics, food, and pharmaceuticals due to their versatility and efficiency.